Digital Equipment Corporation PDP–7/A - S#113

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	Living Computer Museum Click any image for a larger version
	Living Computer Museum
	Living Computer Museum
	Living Computer Museum Four ↑ ©2011 Robert K. Johnson Click any image for a larger version
	#113 at the University of Oregon Image ©2011 Harlan Lefevre
	University of Oregon Image ©2009 University of Oregon
	Stanford University Core Store Image ©2011 Harlan Lefevre
	New power supplies Click any image for a larger version
	System in restoration Two ↑ ©2011 Living Computer Museum

University of Oregon

The University of Oregon's PDP–7/A (S#113) was operated by Professor Harlan Lefevre and his team alongside the Universities particle accelerator until his retirement. When the PDP–7 was de–commissioned in 2001 it was donated to the Paul Allen Living Computer Museum (PDPplanet Project) in Seattle, and was believed to be fully operational after nearly 40 years use with some 61,000 hours logged[1]. Although officially decommissioned it remained in occasional use up until 2006 when it was finally disassembled and shipped into storage at the Living Computer Museum. The machine has undergone full restoration including the fitting of new power supplies (image 8), so it can be regularly seen in operation by visitors to the museum. There is a video of the first power–up of PDP–7/A S#113 after restoration by Keith Perez of the Living Computer Museum (PDPplanet Project).

Of the four known PDP–7's remaining from the original 99 produced (list), this machine is believed to be the only one fully operational and with availability to the public. Photos (top four) from Robert K. Johnson shows the machine operational in August /September of 2011 and compares very well to the fifth photo of S#113 from its location at the University of Oregon.

January 2011 – One of our long standing Google alerts paid off –
CIS: Home: Colloquium Details. The University's 40 year old PDP–7 computer is alive again in Seattle.
Professor Lefevre gave a talk on the 13th January about the University's PDP–7/A entitled - "The University's 40 year old PDP–7 computer is alive again in Seattle". With Professor Lefevre's permission we now have a copy of his PowerPoint presentation, (10Mb PowerPoint file).

Several days later emails from Professor Lefevre, who ran the PDP–7/A, have shed a little light on the "unknown" options on this machine. We are not 100% sure which option is which in the list below but think it is pretty much correct. Apparently DEC, who had S#113 on a long term maintenance contract, supplied two switch controlled options which made it possible to run PDP–9 software on the PDP–7/A and to run (in the 7 mode) all of the PDP–7 software.

Professor Lefevre wrote –
"Hi Mike.
I've been looking at your options page and can clear up the "unknowns". DEC supplied us with two switch controlled options:
1 – Change from PDP–7 checksums on DECtape to PDP–9 checksums
2 – Eliminate the auto index registers in the upper 8K core
These mods made it possible to run all of the PDP–9 software on the 7 and to run (in the 7 mode) all of the 7 software. Our machine was on a long term maintenance contract. I'm not sure whether we paid for these mods or not or whether DEC supplied them to get us off their back."

And a few days later –
"Also I realize that the unknown options that came with PDP–7 S#113 were probably the link to the IBM360/50 which was provided by DEC. The two last numbers were probably link related. The two first options were probably a Nuclear Data 160 ADC and its interface which wrote memory directly bypassing the accumulator.
Harlan"

February 2009 – Rich Alderson, Server Engineer with the Living Computer Museum (PDPplanet Project) emailed us –
"When we disassembled the system in the High Energy Physics Lab at the University of Oregon in June, 2006, it was still in a running condition. At present, it is disassembled and awaiting reassembly, that's on the schedule for this spring (2009). We'll announce when its ready for visitors."

Scheduled for removal at the end of 2001, machine #113 would appear to have lingered on at the University for another five years as this email (above) details –

"Goodbye to the PDP–7:" A Computing Pioneer Retires."
"At the end of this year, when a DEC PDP–7/A computer leaves campus, a part of the University of Oregon's computing history will disappear. Since 1963, when it was purchased with funds from a National Science Foundation grant, the PDP–7/A computer has served as an invaluable research tool for physics professor Harlan Lefevre and his colleagues."

"Four years after Prof. Lefevre came to the University of Oregon in 1961, and three years before the University of Oregon built the Computing Center, the PDP–7/A was installed in the basement of what was then the Student Health Center (now Vulcanology). The computer, which has a magnetic core memory with a capacity for 8000 18–bit words of code, was first linked to an IBM 360–50 and later was linked in real time to the Computing Center."

"For more than 30 years, the PDP–7/A served the university as a vital research tool. Initially, the computer was used to analyze neutron physics data, and 20 Ph.D. candidates used it to complete their theses in nuclear physics. Subsequently, the PDP–7/A was put to work in a Federal Aviation Administration safety project to detect the presence of explosives in luggage. The venerable computer analyzed data from a special scanner that recorded the presence of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in sample suitcases."

"Prof. Lefevre, happy to demonstrate the machine's virtues, can easily coax it to life again. At his bidding, it lights up and hums with the same vitality it exhibited nearly 40 years ago."

Sadly, this bit of computing history will be gone forever by the end of this year, when it will be removed from its long time home with the accelerator that was its partner in research for so many years."

The PDP–7 Service list (1972) shows that machine #113 (DEC #999999) was a PDP–7/A shipped to the University of Oregon in February 1966 and consisted of the following options –

Option	S#	Ship	DEC #	Notes
148	000020	0670	010939	Core memory extension control
149	000074		010079	4K memory upgrade to 8K
149B	000139	0670	010939	4K memory upgrade to 12K
160AX	000001		010079	Nuclear Data 160 ADC * (see below)
175	000049	0867	023957	Information collector expansion
177B	000011		010079	Extended arithmetic element
370	000113		010079	High speed light pen
550A	000046		010079	DECtape control, (up to 4x 555's)
555	000127		010079	DECtape dual magtape transport
555	000149	0670	010939	DECtape dual magtape transport
KA71A	000013		010079	I/O device package
KA77A	000013		010079	Processor unit
KB03	000024	0867	023957	Device selector expansion
TU55	000074	0967	024140	Single DECtape transport
76 05045	000000		010079	IBM360/50 data link * (see below)
76 05113	000000		010079	Eliminate auto index registers * (see below)
76 05114	000000		010079	Change checksums * (see below)

For descriptions of the above options see the full PDP–7 options list.

Options * - Machine #113 had several options fitted by DEC including those above. The last two were switch options to change between PDP–7 and PDP–9 checksums and eliminate the auto index registers in upper 8K core (these two option numbers may be in the wrong order).

120 PDP–7 and PDP–7/A systems were forecast to be built in total, but the 1972 18–bit service list available (6.5Mb pdf download) only has details of the 99 known PDP–7 and PDP–7/A systems in the list at that time. We do not have any information about the possible remaining 21 systems, who they were delivered to or even if they actually existed.

The PDP–7 appeared to have sold well into Government research and University sectors with 11 systems shipped to the UK alone, almost 10% of the forecast production run! Serial numbers are concurrent for both PDP–7's and the PDP–7/A's, so the missing 21 could be of either type; however we are reasonably confident that the 99 systems shipped were the only ones that were ever built.

If you know of any information about any of the PDP–7 systems worldwide, options, location of existing systems, spare parts, ancillary bits, software, tapes or manuals, then please contact us.

Documents associated with PDP–7/A S#113 - None at this time

Longevity - DEC PDP–7's were all fitted with a running hour meter recording the number of hours spent in operation. We currently have the values for two PDP–7 systems when they were finally de–commissioned - [back] [top]
1. #113, at the University of Oregon - 65,000 hours of use (or 7½ years continuous) logged after nearly 40 years. Delivered in February 1966 and scheduled for removal at the end of 2001, #113 would appear to have lingered on at the University for another five years until finally being moved in June 2006, it was still in a running condition. This machine is now at Paul Allen's Living Computer Museum (PDPplanet Project) in Seattle. It has been restored and is now fully operational and open to public viewing at the museum.
2. #47, at the Australian Atomic Energy Commission Lucas Heights - 111,577 hours (or 12¾ years continuous) of operation. Delivered in 1966 and retired after 15 years to the museum of Digital Equipment Australia PTY Ltd. run by Max Burnet, the company's general manager. [back] [top]